Research Outputs

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 31
  • Publication
    Nanostructured multifunctional materials for environmental remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons
    (American Chemical Society, 2009)
    Zheng, Tonghua 
    ;
    Zhan, Jingjing 
    ;
    He, Jibao 
    ;
    Sunkara, Bhanukiran 
    ;
    Lu, Yunfeng 
    ;
    McPherson, Gary L. 
    ;
    ;
    Kolesnichenko, Vladimir 
    ;
    John, Vijay T. 
    Spherical silica particles containing nanoscale zero valent iron were synthesized through an aerosol assisted process. These particles are effective for groundwater remediation, with the environmentally benign silica particles serving as effective carriers for nanoiron transport. Incorporation of iron into porous submicron silica particles protects ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles from aggregation and may increase their subsurface mobility. Additionally, the presence of surface silanol groups on silica particles allows control of surface properties via silanol modification using organic functional groups. Aerosolized silica particles with functional alkyl moieties such as ethyl groups on the surface, clearly adsorb solubilized trichloroethylene (TCE) in water. These materials may therefore act as adsorbents which have coupled reactivity characteristics. Transport experiments indicate that these composite particles are in the optimal size range for effective transport through sediments. The nanoscale iron/silica composite particles with controlled surface properties have the potential to be efficiently applied for in-situ source depletion and in the design of permeable reactive barriers.
      53  1Scopus© Citations 3
  • Publication
    Reactivity characteristics of nanoscale zerovalent iron-silica composites for trichloroethylene remediation
    (American Chemical Society, 2008)
    Zheng, Tonghua 
    ;
    Zhan, Jingjing 
    ;
    He, Jibao 
    ;
    Day, Christopher 
    ;
    Lu, Yunfeng 
    ;
    McPherson, Gary L. 
    ;
    ;
    John, Vijay T. 
    Spherical silica particles containing nanoscale zerovalent iron were synthesized through an aerosol-assisted process. These particles are effective for groundwater remediation, with the environmentally benign silica particles serving as effective carriers for nanoiron transport. Incorporation of iron into porous sub-micrometer silica particles protects ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles from aggregation and may increase their subsurface mobility. Additionally, the presence of surface silanol groups on silica particles allows control of surface properties via silanol modification using organic functional groups. Aerosolized silica particles with functional alkyl moieties, such as ethyl groups on the surface, clearly adsorb solubilized trichloroethylene (TCE) in water. These materials may therefore act as adsorbents which have coupled reactivity characteristics. The nanoscale iron/silica composite particles with controlled surface properties have the potential to be efficiently applied for in situ source depletion and in the design of permeable reactive barriers.
      40  1Scopus© Citations 137
  • Publication
    Environmental Effects of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Biogas from Maize—Case Study of a 500-kW Austrian Biogas Facility
    (Springer, 2016)
    Kral, Iris 
    ;
    ;
    Saylor, Molly K. 
    ;
    Gronauer, Andreas 
    ;
    Bauer, Alexander 
    Potential environmental impacts of biogas electricity from agricultural residues (maize stover) with steam explosion (SE) pretreatment were compared to a typical Austrian biogas system (maize silage) using the method of life cycle assessment. Besides the biogas plant, the system includes substrate production, a combined heat-and-power (CHP) unit, digestate management, and transportation. The stover scenario (including construction and operation of the SE unit) results in lower total climate change impacts than those of the typical biogas system (239 g CO2-eq/kWh electricity vs. 287 g CO2-eq/kWh electricity; 100-year global warming potential (GWP)), and this holds also for the other impact categories (e.g., cumulative energy demand, acidification, eutrophication). While uncertainties in other areas could change the results, based on the uncertainty information considered, the overall results for the two scenarios were significantly different. Methane slip emissions from the CHP exhaust account for the largest GWP share in both scenarios. Other large GWP contributions are from substrate production and grid electricity for plant operations. The findings were robust against worst-case assumptions about the energy requirements of the SE pretreatment.
      61  1Scopus© Citations 11
  • Publication
    Effizienzvergleich von automatischen Lenksystemen mit manueller Lenkung während der Grünlandernte auf Basis von Prozessparametern der Zugmaschine
    (Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., 2017)
    Kral, Iris 
    ;
    Mauch, Marie 
    ;
    Barta, Norbert 
    ;
    ;
    Bauer, Alexander 
    ;
    Bauerdick, Josef 
    ;
    Bernhardt, Heinz 
    ;
    Gronauer, Andreas 
    Der Nutzen von automatischen Lenksystemen wurde bisher vor allem im Ackerbau untersucht. In der vorliegenden Studie soll daher der Nutzen zwischen manueller Lenkung (mL) und automatischer Lenkung (aL) in der Grünlandwirtschaft durch Feldversuche verglichen werden. Die Prozessparameter wurden aus CANund ISO-Bus der Zugmaschine während des Mähens, Wendens und Schwadens erfasst. Die größten Abweichungen zwischen mL und aL wurden im Bereich der Feldarbeitszeit beobachtet. Hier war die Bearbeitung mit aL im Mittel 42,6% während des Mähens und 30,0% während des Wendens langsamer als mit mL. Neben unterschiedlichen Fahrstrategien war dieser Umstand auf einen mangelhaften Wechsel von mL auf aL nach der Wende zurückzuführen. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte mit der aL während des Schwadens um 15,6% schneller gearbeitet werden als mit mL. Dies ist auf einen Wendevorgang mittels Schwalbenschwanzwende während mL zurückzuführen.
      74  1
  • Publication
    Environmental hot spot analysis in agricultural lifecycle assessments – three case studies
    (University of Zagreb, 2016) ;
    Bauer, Alexander 
    ;
    Gronauer, Andreas 
    ;
    Saylor, Molly K. 
    ;
    Stampfel, Angelika 
    ;
    Kral, Iris 
      82  1Scopus© Citations 5
  • Publication
    Effects of working depth and wheel slip on fuel consumption of selected tillage implements
    (International Commission of Agricultural Engineering, 2014)
    Moitzi, Gerhard 
    ;
    Wagentristl, Helmut 
    ;
    Refenner, Karl 
    ;
    Weingartmann, Herbert 
    ;
    ;
    Boxberger, Josef 
    ;
    Gronauer, Andreas 
    Rising fossil fuel prices are leading to an increasing awareness of energy efficiency in plant production. Tillage in particular can consume large amounts of fuel. For four tillage implements (reversible mouldboard plough, short disc harrow, universal-cultivator, subsoiler), this study quantifies the effect of different working depths on fuel consumption, wheel slip, field capacity and specific energy consumption. A four-wheel drive tractor (92 kW) was equipped with a data-acquisition system for engine speed, vehicle speed, wheel speed and fuel consumption. Fuel consumption was measured in the fuel system with an integrated high-precision flow-meter. The results show that the area-specific fuel consumption increased linearly with working depth for both the mouldboard plough and the short disc harrow, but disproportionately for the subsoiler. Wheel slip was found to increase fuel consumption and decrease field capacity performance at all depths. The influence of the engine speed was shown in a separate experiment with a universal-cultivator. Increasing the engine speed from 1,513 r min-1 to 2,042 r min-1 results in an increase of 80% for the fuel consumption rate (L/h) and 35% for the area-specific fuel consumption (L/ha). Future measurement of drawbar pull will allow a more detailed analysis of the energy efficiency losses at the engine, the transmission, and at the wheel/soil interface.
      57  1
  • Publication
    Reductive dehalogenation of trichloroethylene using aerosol-assisted Fe/Silica particles
    (American Chemical Society, 2008)
    Zhan, Jingjing 
    ;
    Zheng, Tonghua 
    ;
    ;
    Day, Christopher 
    ;
    He, Jibao 
    ;
    McPherson, Gary L. 
    ;
    Lu, Yunfeng 
    ;
    John, Vijay T. 
      38  1
  • Publication
    Modelling soil emissions and precision agriculture in fertilization life cycle assessment - A case study of wheat production in Austria
    (Elsevier, 2022)
    Medel-Jiménez, Francisco 
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    ;
    Gronauer, Andreas 
    ;
    Barta, Norbert 
    ;
    Neugschwandtner, Reinhard W. 
    ;
    Krexner, Theresa 
    ;
    Kral, Iris 
      72  1Scopus© Citations 9
  • Publication
    Trichloroethylene remediation using nanoscale iron/silica aerosol particles
    (American Chemical Society, 2007)
    Zheng, Tonghua 
    ;
    Zhan, Jingjing 
    ;
    He, Jibao 
    ;
    ;
    McPherson, Gary L. 
    ;
    Lu, Yunfeng 
    ;
    John, Vijay T. 
      44  1