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Journal Title
Technologie- und Klimawandel : Energie – Gebäude – Umwelt
E-Nova 2020(24) = Science.Research.Pannonia. 22
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May 11, 2024
May 11, 2024
Publications
Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
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14 106 - PublicationUntersuchung eines Elektroabscheiderkonzepts zur Reduktion von StaubemissionenParticulate emissions are formed during the combustion of biogenic fuels depending on the type of furnace, the operating conditions in terms of the combustion quality and the different fuel properties. The release of especially small particles often leads to health problems such as the development or worsening of lung diseases. Downstream electrostatic precipitators (ESP) represent a state of the art separation technology in medium and large biomass plants. However, these precipitators are often difficult to implement in smaller furnaces due to economic aspects and space constraints. This study deals with the integration and experimental investigation of an ESP system into the boiler body of a small scaled biomass furnace (< 100 kW). In Addition to the full load behaviour of the firing system, further test arrangements with different part load conditions of the boiler are being considered in order to analyse the particle precipitation under realistic plant operation with regard to flue gas properties and flow conditions. Furthermore, different fuels are considered. Both, discontinuous as well as time-resolved aerosol measuring methods are used to determine particulate matter emissions. The results of the discontinuous dust measurements show that with the integrated ESP, at least 50 % of the particles in the fine dust range are separated, both at full and partial load operation of the boiler, irrespective of the fuel used. Furthermore, it is shown that partial load conditions favour the separation efficiency due to low velocities and low temperatures of the gas flow over the discharge electrode, which is situated in the reversing chamber. Accordingly, the separation efficiency in part load is between 65 and 85 %, depending on fuel used. In order to enable a more precise observation of the separation behaviour with regard to particle size, additional continuous ELPI (electrical low pressure impactor) measurements are carried out for a selected fuel (wood chips). These measurements show that for small particle collectives (dP < 1 μm) separation efficiencies of over 55 % (full load) and over 80 % (part load) are achieved.
5722 1050 - PublicationDas „Recht auf Reparatur“The Right to Repair (R2R) movement has been gaining momentum and has been spreading all around the globe. While there seems to be considerable interest of consumers to be able to repair or to commission repair of their products (Eurobarometer 2014), there are substantial legal and non-legal barriers.In this paper three main legal obstacles to the establishment of a real right to repair, meaning an en-forceable claim against the producer of a non-digital product, are considered; most importantly, the Sale of Goods Directive. It does not prioritise repair in relation to the other warranty remedies. In addition, there is a missing link between the requirements set out (for certain groups of goods) in the implementing regula-tions of the EU Eco-Design Directive and the requirements of conformity as defined in the Sale of Goods Directive. Consequently, although there is a legal obligation for producers to provide spare parts, manuals and services for a certain amount of time, there is no corresponding right for the consumer to benefit di-rectly from these obligations.Second, the Waste Framework Directive and its transposition into national law both define a waste hierarchy that put waste prevention on top. At the same time, their definition of waste is rather broad and qualifies things as waste that could easily be (re-)used after (and sometimes even before) repair. Hence, another legal obstacle remains comes with the waste definition and – based on that – waste qualification.Finally, intellectual property law safeguards a producer’s rights by protecting trademarks, copyrights, patents and design rights. Most repairs require disassembly and spare parts and so they bear a potential of trade secrets being disclosed or intellectual property rights infringed. These risks are probably the most deterring factor for a universal right to repair. There are only limited remedies in intellectual property law in favour of consumers or independent repairers.If there were a right of repair embedded in consumer law – so the argument developed – the sheer number of claims from consumers against producers would pave the way to changes in the other relevant fields of law.
233 843 - Publication
154 1007 - Publication
9 2 - PublicationUsing FusiX platform for Intelligent Energy Management Systems’ development(Leykam, 2020-11-26)
140 4437 - PublicationComplex glass facade modelling for Model Predictive Control of thermal loads: impact of the solar load identification on the state-space model accuracyAbove and beyond improving the efficiency of the building envelope and the energy supply system, the demand-side flexibility in terms of load shifting and peak reduction are vital factors in further increasing the share of volatile renewable energy sources. The thermal activation of building components, like floors and ceilings, enables the cost-effective potential for short-term energy storage to fulfil these requirements. In order to exploit the storage capabilities of active building systems, a reliable model predicted control (MPC) approach is required. However, primarily if a large glass façade element is utilised, the appropriate modelling of solar loads is critical for an effective MPC operation. Hence, based on a dynamic building simulation tool, a characteristic map for the solar load prediction of a glass façade system in combination of external venetian blinds was generated to enhance the state-space model approach for the MPC algorithm. The comparison with a conventional state-space model approach shows the integration of a detailed characteristic map can only marginally improve the prediction accuracy. The additional information required from the glass façade manufacturer and the associated simulation effort is not of substantial value. In contrast, the conventional grey box model enables an entirely datadriven parameter identification, without the manufacturers’ data. Furthermore, the MPC optimisation procedure, searching for the best control strategy, can be more efficient (solver-based optimisation), with shorter computing turnaround times.
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