Research Outputs

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
  • Publication
    Dual Fuel Reaction Mechanism 2.0 including NOx Formation and Laminar Flame Speed Calculations Using Methane/Propane/n-Heptane Fuel Blends
    (MDPI, 2020) ;
    Winter, Franz 
    This study presents the further development of the TU Wien dual fuel mechanism, which was optimized for simulating ignition and combustion in a rapid compression expansion machine (RCEM) in dual fuel mode using diesel and natural gas at pressures higher than 60 bar at the start of injection. The mechanism is based on the Complete San Diego mechanism with n-heptane extension and was attuned to the RCEM measurements to achieve high agreement between experiments and simulation. This resulted in a specific application area. To obtain a mechanism for a wider parameter range, the Arrhenius parameter changes performed were analyzed and updated. Furthermore, the San Diego nitrogen sub-mechanism was added to consider NOx formation. The ignition delay time-reducing effect of propane addition to methane was closely examined and improved. To investigate the propagation of the flame front, the laminar flame speed of methane–air mixtures was simulated and compared with measured values from literature. Deviations at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions were found and by further mechanism optimization reduced significantly. To be able to justify the parameter changes performed, the resulting reaction rate coefficients were compared with data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology chemical kinetics database.
      141  1Scopus© Citations 4
  • Publication
    Simulation of a Magnetocaloric Heat Pump in Building Technology
    Increased quality of building envelopes in the last decades leads to decreased heating demands of new buildings and therefore heating devices with lower heating powers are needed. !ere is a lack of suitable solutions in the heating market in the small power range, which can cover small heating loads decentral without distribution losses. In the presented study, the potential of magnetocaloric heating is investigated. Apart from the advantage that no climate-relevant gases are used compared to commonly used compression heat pumps, this technology is suitable for covering low heating requirements. A cornerstone of the investigation is the development of a programme for simulating the behaviour of a building-integrated magnetocaloric heat pump. Target is to determine the effect of the change in basic properties such as the nature of the magnetocaloric material, the magnetic flux density, the working frequency, etc., but also to determine the influence of building parameters on the overall efficiency of the heating system.
      126  693
  • Publication
    Catalyst Development and Testing for AND-Fuel Blends
    (2017-09)
    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
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    Batonneau, Yann 
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    Maleix, Corentin 
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    Beauchet, Romain 
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    Schwentenwein, Martin 
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    Spitzbart, Manfred 
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    Altun, Altan Alpay 
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    Scharlemann, Carsten 
      110  1
  • Publication
    New technologies for ammonium dinitramide based monopropellant thrusters – The project RHEFORM
    (Elsevier, 2018)
    Negri, Michele 
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    Wilhelm, Marius 
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    Hendrich, Christian 
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    Wingborg, Niklas 
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    Gediminas, Linus 
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    Adelöw, Leif 
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    Maleix, Corentin 
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    Chabernaud, Pierre 
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    Brahmi, Rachid 
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    Beauchet, Romain 
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    Batonneau, Yann 
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    Kappenstein, Charles 
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    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
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    Bartok, Tobias 
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    Scharlemann, Carsten 
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    Gotzig, Ulrich 
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    Schwentenwein, Martin 
    New technologies are developed in the project RHEFORM to enable the replacement of hydrazine with liquid propellants based on ammonium dinitramide (ADN). The replacement of hydrazine with green propellants will make space propulsion more sustainable and better suitable for the requirements of future missions. In the RHEFORM project investigation on the composition of the propellants are conducted to enable the use of materials for catalysts and combustion chambers which are not subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). New igniters are under development aiming at a reduction of required energy and a more prompt ignition. Two different types of igniters are considered: improved catalytic igniters and thermal igniters. The technologies developed in RHEFORM will be implemented in two thruster demonstrators, aiming at a technology readiness level (TRL) of 5. In the present work the results obtained in the first half of the project are presented.
      122  1Scopus© Citations 69
  • Publication
    Performance Comparison between Extruded and Printed Ceramic Monoliths for Catalysts
    (EUCASS, 2017-07)
    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
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    Bartok, Tobias 
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    Batonneau, Yann 
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    Maleix, Corentin 
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    Beauchet, Romain 
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    Schwentenwein, Martin 
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    Spitzbart, Manfred 
    This paper presents the first results of monopropellant decomposition tests obtained from monolithic ceramic catalysts produced by means of additive layer manufacturing techniques and using ceramic precursors. The purpose is to compare the performance of printed monoliths with traditionally manufactured catalysts with respect to decomposition of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Small holes with a pitch larger than 0 are generally difficult to manufacture. Holes with a diameter of 1.25 mm are difficult to manufacture when the pitch is larger than 2. ecomposition tests revealed that the manufacturing process does not influence the transient pressure performance but is noticeable in the transient temperature performance. However, the influence is only present during part of the transient phase. For optimum transient performance the surface area-to-volume ratio should be maximised.
      120  2
  • Publication
    Efficient Blue-Light-Emitting Polymer Heterostructure Devices: The Fabrication of Multilayer Structures from Orthogonal Solvents
    (Wiley, 2010)
    Sax, Stefan 
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    Rugen-Penkalla, Nicole 
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    Neuhold, Alfred 
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    Zojer, Egbert 
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    List, Emil J. W. 
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    Müllen, Klaus 
    An all-solution processed organic light-emitting diode with enhanced device efficiency based on an additional methanol-soluble polyfluorene layer (see figure) with nonionic ethylene glycol side chains is presented. Due to an asymmetric shift of the energy levels at the polymer/polymer interface, significant efficiency enhancements were obtained.
      117  1Scopus© Citations 91
  • Publication
    Modeling the Pilot Injection and the Ignition Process of a Dual Fuel Injector with Experimental Data from a Combustion Chamber Using Detailed Reaction Kinetics
    (SAE International, 2018-09-10)
    Peter, Andreas 
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    Wensing, Michael 
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    Frühhaber, Jens 
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    Lauer, Thomas 
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    Winter, Franz 
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    Priesching, Peter 
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    Pachler, Klaus 
    The introduction of the so called Emission Controlled Areas within the IMO Tier III legislation forces manufacturers of maritime propulsion systems to adherence to stringent emission thresholds. Dual fuel combustion, which is characterized by the injection of a small amount of fuel oil to ignite a premixed natural gas air mixture, constitutes an option to meet this target. At high diesel substitution rates and very short pilot injection events, the injector is operated in the ballistic regime. This influences spray penetration, mixture formation and ignition behavior. In the present work, a seven-hole dual fuel injector was measured in a combustion chamber to provide data for the generation of a CFD model using the commercial code AVL FIRE®. The liquid and the vapor phase of the fuel spray were quantified by Mie-scattering and Schlieren-imaging technique for different chamber conditions. Based on the measured spray characteristics, a methodology was developed to imprint a velocity profile to the initial droplets in the CFD model, to depict the spray penetration for small injection durations. To characterize the ignition process and the flame propagation, measurements of the OH* emission and the natural luminosity of the flame were carried out. A detailed reaction mechanism, which is able to predict both diesel and dual fuel combustion, was integrated in the CFD model. The ignition delay was fitted to the experimental data by adapting the reaction mechanism for different chamber temperatures. The influence of the presence of natural gas on the ignition behavior was validated using data from a rapid compression machine. Even for low temperatures and high pressures, similar to the start of injection under engine operating conditions, a good correlation could be achieved. The developed knowledge will be transferred to an engine model to investigate the limits of dual fuel combustion processes.
      114  2Scopus© Citations 8
  • Publication
    Impact of Catalyst Length and Preheating on Transient Catalytic H2O2 Decomposition Performance
    (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015)
    Krejci, David 
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    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
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    Scharlemann, Carsten 
      115  2Scopus© Citations 5