Research Outputs

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
  • Publication
    Dual Fuel Reaction Mechanism 2.0 including NOx Formation and Laminar Flame Speed Calculations Using Methane/Propane/n-Heptane Fuel Blends
    (MDPI, 2020) ;
    Winter, Franz 
    This study presents the further development of the TU Wien dual fuel mechanism, which was optimized for simulating ignition and combustion in a rapid compression expansion machine (RCEM) in dual fuel mode using diesel and natural gas at pressures higher than 60 bar at the start of injection. The mechanism is based on the Complete San Diego mechanism with n-heptane extension and was attuned to the RCEM measurements to achieve high agreement between experiments and simulation. This resulted in a specific application area. To obtain a mechanism for a wider parameter range, the Arrhenius parameter changes performed were analyzed and updated. Furthermore, the San Diego nitrogen sub-mechanism was added to consider NOx formation. The ignition delay time-reducing effect of propane addition to methane was closely examined and improved. To investigate the propagation of the flame front, the laminar flame speed of methane–air mixtures was simulated and compared with measured values from literature. Deviations at stoichiometric and fuel-rich conditions were found and by further mechanism optimization reduced significantly. To be able to justify the parameter changes performed, the resulting reaction rate coefficients were compared with data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology chemical kinetics database.
      140Scopus© Citations 2
  • Publication
    Simulation of a Magnetocaloric Heat Pump in Building Technology
    Increased quality of building envelopes in the last decades leads to decreased heating demands of new buildings and therefore heating devices with lower heating powers are needed. !ere is a lack of suitable solutions in the heating market in the small power range, which can cover small heating loads decentral without distribution losses. In the presented study, the potential of magnetocaloric heating is investigated. Apart from the advantage that no climate-relevant gases are used compared to commonly used compression heat pumps, this technology is suitable for covering low heating requirements. A cornerstone of the investigation is the development of a programme for simulating the behaviour of a building-integrated magnetocaloric heat pump. Target is to determine the effect of the change in basic properties such as the nature of the magnetocaloric material, the magnetic flux density, the working frequency, etc., but also to determine the influence of building parameters on the overall efficiency of the heating system.
      122  132
  • Publication
    A Novel Dual Fuel Reaction Mechanism for Ignition in Natural Gas–Diesel Combustion
    (MDPI, 2019) ;
    Frühhaber, Jens 
    ;
    Lauer, Thomas 
    ;
    Winter, Franz 
    In this study, a reaction mechanism is presented that is optimized for the simulation of the dual fuel combustion process using n-heptane and a mixture of methane/propane as surrogate fuels for diesel and natural gas, respectively. By comparing the measured and calculated ignition delay times (IDTs) of different homogeneous methane–propane–n-heptane mixtures, six different n-heptane mechanisms were investigated and evaluated. The selected mechanism was used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to calculate the ignition of a diesel spray injected into air and a natural gas–air mixture. The observed deviations between the simulation results and the measurements performed with a rapid compression expansion machine (RCEM) and a combustion vessel motivated the adaptation of the mechanism by adjusting the Arrhenius parameters of individual reactions. For the identification of the reactions suitable for the mechanism adaption, sensitivity and flow analyzes were performed. The adjusted mechanism is able to describe ignition phenomena in the context of natural gas–diesel, i.e., dual fuel combustion.
      127Scopus© Citations 5
  • Publication
    Experimental Investigation and Benchmark Study of Oxidation of Methane–Propane–n-Heptane Mixtures at Pressures up to 100 bar
    (MDPI, 2019) ;
    Ramalingam, Ajoy Kumar 
    ;
    Minwegen, Heiko 
    ;
    Heufer, Karl Alexander 
    ;
    Winter, Franz 
    Dual fuel combustion exhibits a high degree of complexity due to the presence of different fuels like diesel and natural gas in initially different physical states and a spatially strongly varying mixing ratio. Optimizing this combustion process on an engine test bench is costly and time consuming. Cost reduction can be achieved by utilizing simulation tools. Although these tools cannot replace the application of test benches completely, the total development costs can be reduced by an educated combination of simulations and experiments. A suitable model for describing the reactions taking place in the combustion chamber is required to correctly reproduce the dual fuel combustion process. This is why in the presented study, four different reaction mechanisms are benchmarked to shock tube (ST) and rapid compression machine (RCM) measurements of ignition delay times (IDTs) at pressures between 60 and 100 bar and temperatures between 671 and 1284 K. To accommodate dual fuel relevant diesel-natural gas mixtures, methane–propane–n-heptane mixtures are considered as the surrogate. Additionally, the mechanisms AramcoMech 1.3, 2.0 and 3.0 are tested for methane–propane mixtures. The influence of pressure and propane/n-heptane content on the IDT based on the measurements is presented and the extent to which the mechanisms can reflect the IDT-changes discussed.
      144Scopus© Citations 12
  • Publication
    New technologies for ammonium dinitramide based monopropellant thrusters – The project RHEFORM
    (Elsevier, 2018)
    Negri, Michele 
    ;
    Wilhelm, Marius 
    ;
    Hendrich, Christian 
    ;
    Wingborg, Niklas 
    ;
    Gediminas, Linus 
    ;
    Adelöw, Leif 
    ;
    Maleix, Corentin 
    ;
    Chabernaud, Pierre 
    ;
    Brahmi, Rachid 
    ;
    Beauchet, Romain 
    ;
    Batonneau, Yann 
    ;
    Kappenstein, Charles 
    ;
    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
    ;
    ;
    Bartok, Tobias 
    ;
    Scharlemann, Carsten 
    ;
    Gotzig, Ulrich 
    ;
    Schwentenwein, Martin 
    New technologies are developed in the project RHEFORM to enable the replacement of hydrazine with liquid propellants based on ammonium dinitramide (ADN). The replacement of hydrazine with green propellants will make space propulsion more sustainable and better suitable for the requirements of future missions. In the RHEFORM project investigation on the composition of the propellants are conducted to enable the use of materials for catalysts and combustion chambers which are not subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). New igniters are under development aiming at a reduction of required energy and a more prompt ignition. Two different types of igniters are considered: improved catalytic igniters and thermal igniters. The technologies developed in RHEFORM will be implemented in two thruster demonstrators, aiming at a technology readiness level (TRL) of 5. In the present work the results obtained in the first half of the project are presented.
      121Scopus© Citations 51
  • Publication
    Performance Comparison between Extruded and Printed Ceramic Monoliths for Catalysts
    (EUCASS, 2017-07)
    Koopmans, Robert-Jan 
    ;
    ;
    Bartok, Tobias 
    ;
    Batonneau, Yann 
    ;
    Maleix, Corentin 
    ;
    Beauchet, Romain 
    ;
    Schwentenwein, Martin 
    ;
    Spitzbart, Manfred 
    This paper presents the first results of monopropellant decomposition tests obtained from monolithic ceramic catalysts produced by means of additive layer manufacturing techniques and using ceramic precursors. The purpose is to compare the performance of printed monoliths with traditionally manufactured catalysts with respect to decomposition of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Small holes with a pitch larger than 0 are generally difficult to manufacture. Holes with a diameter of 1.25 mm are difficult to manufacture when the pitch is larger than 2. ecomposition tests revealed that the manufacturing process does not influence the transient pressure performance but is noticeable in the transient temperature performance. However, the influence is only present during part of the transient phase. For optimum transient performance the surface area-to-volume ratio should be maximised.
      118
  • Publication
    Efficient Blue-Light-Emitting Polymer Heterostructure Devices: The Fabrication of Multilayer Structures from Orthogonal Solvents
    (Wiley, 2010)
    Sax, Stefan 
    ;
    Rugen-Penkalla, Nicole 
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    Neuhold, Alfred 
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    ;
    Zojer, Egbert 
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    List, Emil J. W. 
    ;
    Müllen, Klaus 
    An all-solution processed organic light-emitting diode with enhanced device efficiency based on an additional methanol-soluble polyfluorene layer (see figure) with nonionic ethylene glycol side chains is presented. Due to an asymmetric shift of the energy levels at the polymer/polymer interface, significant efficiency enhancements were obtained.
      113Scopus© Citations 88
  • Publication
    Experimental Analysis of a Thermoelectric Water-to-Water Heat Pump
    (12th Conference On Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 2017) ; ; ; ;
      115