Ivkić, Igor

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Official Name
Ivkić, Igor
Main Affiliation
Akademische Titel
BSc, MSc
Email
igor.ivkic@fh-burgenland.at
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
57202364096
Status
staff

Research Outputs

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    Publication
    On the Cost of Security Compliance in Information Systems
    (International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, 2019)
    Hofbauer, David 
    ;
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Maksuti, Silia 
    ;
    Aldrian, Andreas 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    The onward development of information and communication technology has led to a new industrial revolution called Industry 4.0. This revolution involves Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS), which consist of intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems that may be able to adapt themselves autonomously in a production environment. At the moment, machines in industrial environments are often not connected to the internet, which thus needs a point-to-point connection to access the device if necessary. Through Industry 4.0, these devices should enable remote access for smart maintenance through a connection to the outside world. However, this connection opens the gate for possible cyber-attacks and thus raises the question about providing security for these environments. Therefore, this paper used an adapted approach based on SixSigma to solve this security problem by investigating security standards. Security requirements were gathered and mapped to controls from well known security standards, formed into a catalog. This catalog includes assessment information to check how secure a solution for a use case is and also includes a link to an estimation method for implementation cost. Thus this paper’s outcome shows how to make Industry 4.0 use cases secure by fulfilling security standard controls and how to estimate the resulting implementation costs.
      571  2827
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    Publication
    Function-as-a-Service Benchmarking Framework
    (SCITEPRESS, 2019)
    Pellegrini, Roland 
    ;
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    Cloud Service Providers deliver their products in form of ”as-a-Service”, which are typically categorized by the level of abstraction. This approach hides the implementation details and shows only functionality to the user. However, the problem is that it is hard to measure the performance of Cloud services, because they behave like black boxes. Especially with Function-as-a-Service it is even more difficult because it completely hides server and infrastructure management from users by design. Cloud Service Prodivers usually restrict the maximum size of code, memory and runtime of Cloud Functions. Nevertheless, users need clarification if more ressources are needed to deliver services in high quality. In this regard, we present the architectural design of a new Function-as-a-Service benchmarking tool, which allows users to evaluate the performance of Cloud Functions. Furthermore, the capabilities of the framework are tested on an isolated platform with a specific workload. The results show that users are able to get insights into Function-as-a-Service environments. This, in turn, allows users to identify factors which may slow down or speed up the performance of Cloud Functions.
      509  1Scopus© Citations 1
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    Publication
    Analysing Design Approaches for the Power Consumption in Cyber-Physical Systems
    (IEEE, 2021-06-30)
    Sailer, Patrizia 
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    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    ;
    Mauthe, Andreas 
    ;
    Gouglidis, Antonios 
    The importance of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications is constantly increasing, especially in the context of Industry 4.0. Architectural decisions are crucial not just for performance, security and resilience reasons but also regarding costs and resource usage. In this paper we analyse two of the fundamental approaches to design control loops (i.e. time-driven and event-driven), show how they can be realised and evaluate their power requirements. Through this the design criteria can be extended also considering the optimization of energy related aspects.
      156  1
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    Publication
    A Framework for Measuring the Costs of Security at Runtime
    (SCITEPRESS, 2019)
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Pichler, Harald 
    ;
    Zsilak, Mario 
    ;
    Mauthe, Andreas 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    In Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are formed by components, which are interconnected with each other over the Internet of Things (IoT). The resulting capabilities of sensing and affecting the physical world offer a vast range of opportunities, yet, at the same time pose new security challenges. To address these challenges there are various IoT Frameworks, which offer solutions for managing and controlling IoT-components and their interactions. In this regard, providing security for an interaction usually requires performing additional security-related tasks (e.g. authorisation, encryption, etc.) to prevent possible security risks. Research currently focuses more on designing and developing these frameworks and does not satisfactorily provide methodologies for evaluating the resulting costs of providing security. In this paper we propose an initial approach for measuring the resulting costs of providing security for interacting IoT-components by using a Security Cost Modell ing Framework. Furthermore, we describe the necessary building blocks of the framework and provide an experimental design showing how it could be used to measure security costs at runtime.
      537  1Scopus© Citations 2
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    Publication
    Towards a Security Baseline for IaaS-Cloud Back-Ends in Industry 4.0
    (IEEE (UK), 2017-12)
    Bauer, Elisabeth 
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    Schluga, Oliver 
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    Maksuti, Silia 
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    Bicaku, Ani 
    ;
    Hofbauer, David 
    ;
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Wöhrer, Alexander 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    The popularity of cloud based Infrastructure-as-a- Service (IaaS) solutions is becoming increasingly popular. However, since IaaS providers and customers interact in a flexible and scalable environment, security remains a serious concern. To handle such security issues, defining a set of security parameters in the service level agreements (SLA) between both, IaaS provider and customer, is of utmost importance. In this paper, the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) guidelines are evaluated to extract a set of security parameters for IaaS. Furthermore, the level of applicability and implementation of this set is used to assess popular industrial and open-source IaaS cloud platforms, respectively VMware and OpenStack. Both platforms provide private clouds, used as backend infrastructures in Industry 4.0 application scenarios. The results serve as initial work to identify a security baseline and research needs for creating secure cloud environments for Industry 4.0.
      171Scopus© Citations 5
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    Publication
    Temperature Monitoring of Agricultural Areas in a Secure Data Room
    (ERCIM EEIG, 2023-10)
    Ederer, Thomas
    ;
    Ivancsits, Martin
    ;
    Ivkić, Igor 
      25  159
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    Publication
    A Security Evaluation Framework for Software-Defined Network Architectures in Data Center Environments
    (2023)
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Thiede, Dominik
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    Race, Nicholas
    ;
    Broadbent, Matthew
    ;
    Gouglidis, Antonios
    Data Center (DC) network requirements. Virtualisation is one of the key drivers of that transformation and enables a massive deployment of computing resources, which exhausts server capacity limits. Furthermore, the increased network endpoints need to be handled dynamically and centrally to facilitate cloud computing functionalities. Traditional DCs barely satisfy those demands because of their inherent limitations based on the network topology. Software-Defined Networks (SDN) promise to meet the increasing network requirements for cloud applications by decoupling control functionalities from data forwarding. Although SDN solutions add more flexibility to DC networks, they also pose new vulnerabilities with a high impact due to the centralised architecture. In this paper we propose an evaluation framework for assessing the security level of SDN architectures in four different stages. Furthermore, we show in an experimental study, how the framework can be used for mapping SDN threats with associated vulnerabilities and necessary mitigations in conjunction with risk and impact classification. The proposed framework helps administrators to evaluate the network security level, to apply countermeasures for identified SDN threats, and to meet the networks security requirements.
      20  1
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    Publication
    On the Cost of Cyber Security in Smart Business
    (IEEE (UK) - 12th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST-2017), 2017-12)
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Wolfauer, Stephan 
    ;
    Oberhofer, Thomas 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    In a world, as complex and constantly changing as ours cloud computing is a driving force for shaping the IT landscape and changing the way we do business. Current trends show a world of people, things and services all digitally interconnected via the Internet of Things (IoT). This applies in particular to an industrial environment where smart devices and intelligent services pave the way for smart factories and smart businesses. This paper investigates in a use case driven study the potential of making use of smart devices to enable direct, automated and voice-controlled smart businesses. Furthermore, the paper presents an initial investigation on methodologies for measuring costs of cyber security controls for cloud services.
      148Scopus© Citations 4
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    Publication
    A Security Cost Modelling Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems
    (ACM, 2022-05)
    Ivkić, Igor 
    ;
    Sailer, Patrizia 
    ;
    Gouglidis, Antonios 
    ;
    Mauthe, Andreas 
    ;
    Tauber, Markus 
    Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are formed through interconnected components capable of computation, communication, sensing and changing the physical world. The development of these systems poses a significant challenge since they have to be designed in a way to ensure cyber-security without impacting their performance. This article presents the Security Cost Modelling Framework (SCMF) and shows supported by an experimental study how it can be used to measure, normalise and aggregate the overall performance of a CPS. Unlike previous studies, our approach uses different metrics to measure the overall performance of a CPS and provides a methodology for normalising the measurement results of different units to a common Cost Unit. Moreover, we show how the Security Costs can be extracted from the overall performance measurements which allows to quantify the overhead imposed by performing security-related tasks. Furthermore, we describe the architecture of our experimental testbed and demonstrate the applicability of SCMF in an experimental study. Our results show that measuring the overall performance and extracting the security costs using SCMF can serve as basis to redesign interactions to achieve the same overall goal at less costs.
      167  2Scopus© Citations 2