Research Outputs

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Publication
    Electric load behaviour and DSM potential of office buildings
    (Elsevier, 2015)
    Due to the rising use of fluctuating renewable energy production, electricity production curve in thefuture will not be able to follow the demand curve anymore. Therefore, time-critical, variable chargesare likely to be introduced. Whereas large consumers of electricity already have to pay attention tothis issue – the peak demand is measured and cost effective for customers with a consumption higherthan 100,000 kW h or connection power more than 50 kW [1] – the topic will become relevant for othercustomers in the future. Due to the roll-out of smart metres, it is very likely that time-relevant tariffs willbecome standard for all kinds of users, which means that the moment of electricity consumption willbe cost-relevant. This paper deals with the electric load behaviour of office buildings and their potentialto use demand side management (DSM) to optimise load behaviour. Because of use during the day,when prices are usually higher than during the night, office buildings mainly demand electrical energyduring periods of high prices. By identification and utilisation of DSM potential, considerable sections ofthe demand can be shifted to hours with lower prices. Concerning integration of photovoltaic systems,two aspects has to be taken into account. When PV is an additional option to reduce electrical energydemand during high prices, on-site produced electricity should be also used on-site and therefore it hasto be assured, that demand does not fall below PV-production. Another possibility to shift loads is to usethermal or electrochemical storage systems.
      198  480Scopus© Citations 14
  • Publication
    Optimization-Based Operation of District Heating Networks: A Case Study for Two Real Sites
    To achieve the ambitious targets of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, there is a need for change in all parts of society, industry, and mobility, as well as in all energy sectors. For this purpose, sector coupling plays a crucial role, e.g., in the form of coupling the electricity with the heat sector using power-to-heat systems. In this article, the effects of the integration of intermittent wind energy via a direct cable, as well as the integration of a boiler into district heating systems powered by a biomass plant and/or a gas boiler, are investigated. Sector coupling in the district heating networks is achieved via the integration of a boiler connected to a local grid station and the use of two air-to-water and two water-to-water heat pumps, which are solely powered by electricity produced by local wind turbines. Furthermore, this work evaluates the economic impacts of the exploding energy prices on the sustainability of district heating systems. Our analysis shows that despite high electricity prices, a reduction in fossil-fuel-based energy generators in the winter season can be determined, and thus a sustainable heat supply can be ensured.
      7  1Scopus© Citations 2
  • Publication
    Lastverhalten und DSM-Potential in Bürogebäuden
    (Fachhochschule Burgenland Ges.m.b.H., 2012)
    Dieses Paper beschäftigt sich mit dem elektrischen Lastverhalten von Bürogebäuden. Durch den vermehrten Einsatz von fluktuierend produzierenden Anlagen zur erneuerbaren Energieerzeugung kann die Stromerzeugung nicht mehr einfach dem Bedarf folgen. Daher sind zu-künftig variable, zeitkritische Stromtarife zu erwarten. Dies bedeutet, dass der Zeitpunkt der abgerufenen Leistungen kostenrelevant sein wird. Die Betrachtung der einzelnen Verbraucher erfolgte unter Zuhilfenahme von Zusammen-hängen aus der Literatur. Weitere Basisdaten waren die Börsenstrompreise des Jahres 2008, ein fiktiver jährlicher Wetterdatensatz aus einem Gebäudesimulationstool und das Nutzerverhalten anhand einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsmatrix. Die Hauptnutzungszeit der Bürogebäude fällt in jene Zeit, in der die Strompreise bzw. Börsenstrompreise im Allgemeinen höher sind. Durch die Ausnutzung von Lastverschiebungspotentialen kann hier jedoch abhängig von der Zusammensetzung der elektrischen Verbraucher ein nennenswerter Teil des Bezugs in Zeiten niedriger Preise verschoben werden.
      238  240
  • Publication
    A Case Study of Socially-Accepted Potentials for the Use of End User Flexibility by Home Energy Management Systems
    Due to the increase of volatile renewable energy resources, additional flexibility will be necessary in the electricity system in the future to ensure a technically and economically efficient network operation. Although home energy management systems hold potential for a supply of flexibility to the grid, private end users often neglect or even ignore recommendations regarding beneficial behavior. In this work, the social acceptance and requirements of a participatively developed home energy management system with focus on (i) system support optimization, (ii) self-consumption and self-sufficiency optimization, and (iii) additional comfort functions are determined. Subsequently, the socially-accepted flexibility potential of the home energy management system is estimated. Using methods of online household survey, cluster analysis, and energy-economic optimization, the socially-accepted techno-economic potential of households in a three-community cluster sample area is computed. Results show about a third of the participants accept the developed system. This yields a shiftable load of nearly 1.8 MW within the small sample area. Furthermore, the system yields the considerably larger monetary surplus on the supplier-side due to its focus on system support optimization. New electricity market opportunities are necessary to adequately reward a systemically useful load behavior of households.
      175  1Scopus© Citations 7