Research Outputs

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Publication
    Bewertung und Optimierung der Energieeffizienz von Thermoprozessanlagen
    (Vulkan Verlag, 2013) ;
    Buchner, Klaus 
    ;
    Altena, Herwig 
    Die vergangenen Jahre standen im Zeichen von stark schwankenden Energiepreisen und Unsicherheiten in der Energieversorgung. Prognosen zeigen eine drastische Differenz zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage an fossilen Energieträgern für die kommenden Jahre. Energieeffizienz ist die Basis, um den zukünftigen weltweiten Energiebedarf decken zu können. Die Sektoren Industrieöfen bzw. Prozesswärme nehmen in Österreich und Deutschland einen merklichen Anteil am Gesamtenergieaufkommen ein. Durch Primärmaßnahmen an den Anlagen und eine konsequente Verwertung von Abwärmeströmen kann es zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung von Anlagenwirkungsgraden in Verbindung mit einer Reduktion von CO²-Emissionen kommen. Am Beispiel einer Durchstoß-Gasaufkohlungsanlage werden interne und externe Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen aufgezeigt und deren Auswirkung auf den Gesamtprozess einer Bewertung unterzogen. Eine Wirkungsgradsteigerung um bis zu 19 % sowie eine Reduktion der CO²-Emissionen um 547 t/a kann erzielt werden. Für die optimale Integration in ein betriebliches Energiekonzept ist die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Anlagenhersteller, Energieplaner und Anlagenbetreiber erforderlich.
      213
  • Publication
    Carbon monoxide emission models for small-scale biomass combustion of wooden pellets
    (Elsevier, 2019-08)
    Böhler, Lukas 
    ;
    ; ;
    Kozek, Martin 
    Tighter legal emission limits require means to prevent releasing harmful substances into the atmosphere during the combustion of biomass. Economic considerations suggest to meet these restrictions by improving the ability to predict and therefore prevent emissions, which can be done by improved control algorithms. This work presents different methods to obtain models for the prediction of carbon monoxide emissions in a small-scale biomass combustion furnace for wooden pellets. The presented models are intended for an application in model based control, either as part of the underlying model or for carbon monoxide soft sensing and fault detection. The main focus is on simple structures which can be handled by the already existing hardware of the furnaces. Different black-box models and a kinetic process model are introduced and compared. The black-box models are based on the measured flue gas oxygen concentration and the combustion temperature, since these measurements are typically available even for smaller plants. The obtained models are validated with measured data in order to find the most suitable structures, of which combined fuzzy black-box models show the most promising results. The presented methodology can be readily applied to the investigated furnace. However, the model parameters have to be adapted for other plants.
      468Scopus© Citations 16
  • Publication
      117Scopus© Citations 19
  • Publication
    Assessment and optimisation of energy efficiency in heat treatment plants
    (Hanser, 2010) ;
    Buchner, Klaus 
    ;
    Altena, Herwig 
      136
  • Publication
    Energy-economic assessment of reduced district heating system temperatures
    (Elsevier, 2021)
    Geyer, Roman 
    ;
    ;
    Leitner, Benedikt 
    ;
    Schmidt, Ralf-Roman 
    ;
    Leoni, Paolo 
    It is in the DNA of district heating (DH) systems that low temperatures are crucial for efficiency, guaranteeing cost competitiveness and integrating alternative heat sources. The general conviction within the DH community is, that reduced temperatures have positive effects for the whole system and economic benefits can be expected. However, there is a lack in evidence-based data to evaluate these effects in monetary terms. The innovative approach of this work is to analyze key characteristics for different technologies by means of energy-economic assessments to show evidence-based energy-related and monetary benefits of reduced system temperatures. The proven benefits should increase the motivation and conviction of utilities and customers in low-temperature systems, both for reducing system temperatures in existing networks and for new networks. The key indicator cost reduction gradient (CRG), introduced in previous work, was applied for the energy-economic assessment of reduced system temperatures. In total, investigations of nine heat generation technologies, the DH network itself and four storage types are presented. The CRGs for the heat generation technologies varies from 0.08 to 0.67 €/(MWh·°C). In the case of alternative heat generation technologies such as heat pumps and solar thermal, a higher sensitivity of the monetary effects compared to traditional heat generation technologies can be observed. Here, higher economic benefits and monetary savings can be expected in future DH networks.
      78Scopus© Citations 19