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Technologie- und Klimawandel : Energie – Gebäude – Umwelt
E-Nova 2020(24) = Science.Research.Pannonia. 22

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    An Integrated Framework for Building’s Energy Management based on Deep Learning
    (Leykam, 2020-11-26)
    Meintanis, I. 
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    Monios, N. 
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    Livieris, I.E. 
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    Kampourakis, M. 
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    Fourakis, S. 
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    Kyriakoulis, N. 
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    Kokkorikos, S. 
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    Chondronasios, A. 
    Forecasting the building energy consumption constitutes a significant factor for a wide variety of applications including planning, management and optimization. Nowadays, research is focused towards the development of more efficient and sustainable energy management systems which focus on minimising energy waste. These systems are based on intelligent models, which provide accurate predictions of future energy demand/load, both at aggregate and individual site level. In this work, we present a holistic integrated solution for the buildings’ energy management systems using deep learning methods. The proposed solution is based on efficient deep-learning forecasting models for short-term local weather parameters and energy load consumption. The developed forecasting models are integrated into the smart energy management system of the building for taking the proper decisions to ensure efficient utilization of energy resources.
      163  313
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    Untersuchung eines Elektroabscheiderkonzepts zur Reduktion von Staubemissionen
    (Leykam, 2020-11-26)
    Schittl, Florian 
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    Jauschnik, Gabriela 
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    Pöttler, Martin 
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    Krail, Jürgen 
    Particulate emissions are formed during the combustion of biogenic fuels depending on the type of furnace, the operating conditions in terms of the combustion quality and the different fuel properties. The release of especially small particles often leads to health problems such as the development or worsening of lung diseases. Downstream electrostatic precipitators (ESP) represent a state of the art separation technology in medium and large biomass plants. However, these precipitators are often difficult to implement in smaller furnaces due to economic aspects and space constraints. This study deals with the integration and experimental investigation of an ESP system into the boiler body of a small scaled biomass furnace (< 100 kW). In Addition to the full load behaviour of the firing system, further test arrangements with different part load conditions of the boiler are being considered in order to analyse the particle precipitation under realistic plant operation with regard to flue gas properties and flow conditions. Furthermore, different fuels are considered. Both, discontinuous as well as time-resolved aerosol measuring methods are used to determine particulate matter emissions. The results of the discontinuous dust measurements show that with the integrated ESP, at least 50 % of the particles in the fine dust range are separated, both at full and partial load operation of the boiler, irrespective of the fuel used. Furthermore, it is shown that partial load conditions favour the separation efficiency due to low velocities and low temperatures of the gas flow over the discharge electrode, which is situated in the reversing chamber. Accordingly, the separation efficiency in part load is between 65 and 85 %, depending on fuel used. In order to enable a more precise observation of the separation behaviour with regard to particle size, additional continuous ELPI (electrical low pressure impactor) measurements are carried out for a selected fuel (wood chips). These measurements show that for small particle collectives (dP < 1 μm) separation efficiencies of over 55 % (full load) and over 80 % (part load) are achieved.
      5722  1001
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    Das „Recht auf Reparatur“
    (Leykam, 2020-11-26)
    Kuhlmann, Josefine 
    The Right to Repair (R2R) movement has been gaining momentum and has been spreading all around the globe. While there seems to be considerable interest of consumers to be able to repair or to commission repair of their products (Eurobarometer 2014), there are substantial legal and non-legal barriers.In this paper three main legal obstacles to the establishment of a real right to repair, meaning an en-forceable claim against the producer of a non-digital product, are considered; most importantly, the Sale of Goods Directive. It does not prioritise repair in relation to the other warranty remedies. In addition, there is a missing link between the requirements set out (for certain groups of goods) in the implementing regula-tions of the EU Eco-Design Directive and the requirements of conformity as defined in the Sale of Goods Directive. Consequently, although there is a legal obligation for producers to provide spare parts, manuals and services for a certain amount of time, there is no corresponding right for the consumer to benefit di-rectly from these obligations.Second, the Waste Framework Directive and its transposition into national law both define a waste hierarchy that put waste prevention on top. At the same time, their definition of waste is rather broad and qualifies things as waste that could easily be (re-)used after (and sometimes even before) repair. Hence, another legal obstacle remains comes with the waste definition and – based on that – waste qualification.Finally, intellectual property law safeguards a producer’s rights by protecting trademarks, copyrights, patents and design rights. Most repairs require disassembly and spare parts and so they bear a potential of trade secrets being disclosed or intellectual property rights infringed. These risks are probably the most deterring factor for a universal right to repair. There are only limited remedies in intellectual property law in favour of consumers or independent repairers.If there were a right of repair embedded in consumer law – so the argument developed – the sheer number of claims from consumers against producers would pave the way to changes in the other relevant fields of law.
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